Volume 3: What is LobbySeven
A Mathematician's Apology
"The road to hell is paved with good intentions" - Samuel Johnson
I’m sorry for writing this.
I’m sorry that writing it carries an implication that you might want to read it.
But, if this is to eventually become a successful endeavor, eventually it must pass into the hands of people who haven’t known me personally for a decade or more. Those people likely want to know where I’m coming from.
We all have cognitive bias. What we say and think is determined by our view of the world. Show me somebody who claims to communicate without bias, and I’ll show you a liar. The best we can hope for is to understand who is passing us information and why. For those of you who don’t know me, hopefully this note – which I will try to keep mercifully short – will help you to see the biases in my writing. Then, you are free to incorporate it into your world view, forming part of the bias of your own communication.
Who are you? What is LobbySeven?
What cognitive biases are you preemptively declaring?
What’s your angle? Why are you writing this in the first place?
Who are you? What is LobbySeven?
My name is Nicholas Cohen. At the time of writing this, I’m 36 years old. I live in a townhouse in Brooklyn, with a wife and two small children. I have never before written for public consumption and have no formal training as a writer - but you probably figured that out on your own.
A brief resume(1) would include:
Graduated from MIT with a degree in Mathematics (Theoretical) in 2002.
Drafted out of school into the Equity Derivatives Group at JPMorgan.
Spent 5 years at JPM in sales, electronic trading, flow trading and a year managing one of the largest derivative transactions in history.(2)
Moved to BNP Paribas in 2007 to manage Equity Index Exotics.
Promoted several times to larger management roles at BNP, 2009-2016.
After 15 years at large banks, I felt like doing something a bit different. Going out on your own isn’t easy, but sometimes it’s just nice to have a new set of problems to solve. So I decided to start a consulting firm.
While trying to avoid this project becoming a pitch for consulting work,(3) I have a few areas of specialization where I hope to add value:
Structured Products and Exotics: Having run BNP’s structured business in the Americas for 2 years (and been a senior member of the business much longer), I can work with banks, asset managers or others to build out and execute a business plan. Specifically – I had a lot of success at creating products/lines of business in the “new regulatory environment”.
Systems Integration: A big problem that financial institutions have today is massive, complex systems architecture which generate huge costs while still failing to meet users’ needs. LobbySeven is not set up to rebuild your entire infrastructure, but I have had success designing tools to meet specific demands. At a minimum, an independent voice is often better positioned to help determine an organization’s needs.
Risk Management: In today’s investment management world, the realized risks of an investment vehicle must align with what was promised to investors and other stakeholders. But CIOs and PMs are rightfully more focused on their investment strategy than building a risk management framework. Having managed all types of risk, I’m well positioned to help people formulate a risk management strategy, and systematize or code it as applicable.
End of pitch.
As for the name – “Lobby 7” is the main entrance to MIT’s campus.
What cognitive biases are you preemptively declaring?
My goal is to make this newsletter as fact-oriented as possible. When I say something which requires verification, I include a footnote that states where I found the information. If I do not put in a reference where one is needed, please tell me, I’ll add it. I use footnotes so that readers can see the information on which the narrative is based. I use only sources I believe to be reputable; the US Census Bureau is a rigorous organization and I trust their reports. If I report something from a source you do not think is reputable, please let me know this too – preferably with some evidence. I’m a mathematician, I like things that I can prove.
But regurgitating census.gov is not going to lead to interesting content.(4) One piece of feedback I’ve received is that while fact-based and historical information is interesting, it is also important to include my thoughts about what may happen in the future. When I’m giving my opinion as opposed to stating a fact, I’ll try to phrase it as “My view is…” or something similar.
I take all of this seriously. No matter what your political persuasion (and don’t worry, mine will be disclosed shortly), the recent election has told us about the importance of understanding why people write something or say something. I actively try to read things written by people I disagree with. It is a critical element of my thought process. But whatever I read, I do so with as much awareness as possible of where it is coming from.
So, I’ll get to it. I’m going to list these from most to least important, according to my personal view.
1. I am an Empiricist
I define an Empiricist(5) as somebody who operates primarily through the scientific method. An Empiricist travels around (metaphorically speaking), observing the world. Based on these observations, he or she forms hypotheses about how the world works. These hypotheses are continually tested via more observations and experiments. Based on positive results these hypotheses become stronger; based on negative results they are refined or discarded. These observations and experiments may be from secondary sources; I don’t need to personally see an up quark to think that the Standard Model does a good job of explaining particle physics. I trust books and reports from sources I view as reputable. But an Empiricist doesn’t “believe,” in the sense that they don’t accept things on faith, without evidence.(6) Personally, I try to never use that word in any context.(7) If I do slip up, please never interpret it as “accept without evidence” but rather “think true based on evidence”.
2. I am a Bayesian
The human mind is not “wired” to think probabilistically. We like to think in terms of certainties, and are not good at understanding what it means when we hear that something has a “10% chance to happen.” My favorite question to demonstrate this is: if a weatherman says there is a 20% chance of rain, and then it does rain, was he right or wrong?(8)
I find Bayesian Statistics to be the most useful framework for training my mind to operate probabilistically. It is also consistent with Empiricism; Bayesian probability involves working with hypotheses and refining their probabilities as new information is received. In 15 years of managing risk, I found this method applicable to many situations. As a trader, if you wait until something is certain, the opportunity will have passed. You need to constantly refine assumptions based on new information, incorporate this information into your hypothesis and act despite lack of certainty.
3. I am a Democrat
In New York State, you can look up for yourself a voter’s party registration,(9) but I’ll save you the trouble. I am registered with the Democratic Party and have been for more than ten years.
I am a Democrat because I have analyzed the policies of the two parties, considered how these policies are likely to work and determined that the Democratic policies are significantly more likely to lead to better outcomes for the country as well as myself. In fact, I would consider myself a “strong Democrat” in that I am literally not aware of many areas where I would expect the Republican policy to lead to a better result than the relevant Democratic policy.(10) This analysis is based on both analyzing the theory underlying the policies (e.g. what I will soon be continuing in the “Healthcare” series) but also by observing the results when these policies have been enacted previously.(11)
Beyond policy, my opinion is that the manner in which Republican politicians behave and govern is antithetical to the principles of our nation and detrimental to its future. Voter suppression based on race is undemocratic.(12) Refusing to consider a Supreme Court justice appointment is unprecedented.(13) Manufacturing fiscal brinksmanship crises will eventually lead to disaster.(14) It is the view of the Republican Party that government is incompetent, and is itself the problem. We have strong evidence that this is true for Republican-run governments.(15)
4. I am unequivocally opposed to Donald Trump
This is not the same as being a Democrat. I’m happy for people of all political stripes to join me in actively opposing this scam artist and would-be dictator.(16) Forgetting that I am opposed to his policies – such as they exist(17) – I view his election as an existential threat to our representative democracy.
This will be explored further in a later volume, but republics are fragile systems. The more power the executive holds, the more fragile the republic is. The only way I know to prevent a would-be American tyrant from becoming an in-fact American tyrant is to not elect him President. The institutional “guardrails” to prevent a President from destroying our democratic institutions are not as strong as you think they are.
Looking at our present situation, there is very little I can say about his past that hasn’t already been said.(18) But when I look at everything I know about Trump, the one constant through his life is that he has abused any power he has been given. A landlord refusing to rent to African Americans is an abuse of power. Lying to the New Jersey Casino Control Commission to get your casino approved is an abuse of power. Creating a public company, loading it with overpriced properties and personal debt, bankrupting public investors while paying yourself large salaries and bonuses is an abuse of power. Walking in on naked, underage pageant contestants in the dressing room because nobody can stop you is an abuse of power.(19) Abuse of power is the defining characteristic of Donald Trump. Maybe, now that he has been given more power, he will change. But since the election, this hypothesis looks weak.
5. I am from Detroit and live in Brooklyn
More than personal trivia, I find that each of these places does much to define who I am and how I think. While the part of Detroit I am from is not exactly “average”, the entire Detroit area has a certain sensibility which I think gives me some insight into the famous “white male working class” which is in the center of the discussion today. Detroiters wake up every day with a chip on their shoulder because those other cities think they are better than us. If you don’t know Br